Thus e-learning has created new avenues for the education sector worldwide and shown its potential to support mental wellbeing. Culture, age and gender are also elements that impact mental health problems in e-learning. By providing these financial supports and other essential resources, students should be able to do their works including attending virtual classes at home with safety and security. Although there have been many challenges and difficulties to operate emergency remote teaching and learning (ERTL), for example, as already mentioned above that there are many courses or modules which require practical sessions or lab demonstrations [29]. The pandemic showed that human society has been unprepared for this unprecedented circumstance. It is important for educators to understand and command the new technologies and be able to use them in the process of learning. Moreover, learners are being pressured by teachers and parents to complete the syllabus or course content in order to maintain academic performance. So, the importance of face-to-face pedagogical approaches cannot be denied, but considering the current emergency situation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, online delivery of education seems to be the best alternative for the continuity of education [5]. From the professionals best practices to assist students in being successful through online education or hybrid teaching and learning formats, many opportunities arose to shape and reform education for a better future and transform the process of lifelong learning. This pandemic has made the educational institutions and other organisations go online and become agents of change and digital transformation. smart mobile, tablet or laptop) and internet data [38, 39]. hb```"[Vu ea$$b U. To maintain a safe and creative virtual space for learning, the online distance higher education teachers can take a significant responsibility [75]. Emergency situations can exclude large numbers of children and others from receiving any form of education. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. Strategies for supporting emergency education depend on the type of emergency. The many lessons described in this article are a terrific start in identifying the endless and important responsibilities thrust upon the higher education emergency manager. /Rotate 0 COVID-19 and the consequences of social distancing have brought anxiety and self-doubt for many individuals [41]. However, technological advancement has already led to the digital transformation of everyday life, and technology-enhanced learning has already been widely adopted by many education institutions across the globe. 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During any natural or man-made crisis, education in emergencies increasingly serves as shorthand for schooling and other organised studies, together with normalising structured activities, arranged for and with children, young people and adults whose lives have been disrupted by conflict and major natural disasters ([19], p. 4). Education provides a channel for conveying health and survival messages as well as tools and techniques for teaching new skills and values, such as peace, tolerance, conflict resolutions, democracy, human rights, environmental conservation. This could offer a unique chance to document the knowledge and lessons learnt, as well as to take a long-term perspective of the systemic effect and e-learning opportunities. x+ | endobj Education in Emergencies Competency Framework Framework Education in Emergencies Competency Framework The EiE Competency Framework builds on the INEE 0000006540 00000 n September 29, 2022 by JP Guilbault, CEO, Navigate360. The whole body, including affective, emotional, physiological, motivational, and expressive elements, is implicated in mental wellbeing [51, 57]. Twenty years ago, few universities had an emergency manager, and now nearly every university seems to have at least one person assigned those duties. Cultural and extracurricular programmes can be carried out through webinars which will decrease students academic and other stress. However, the perspectives of individuals involved in teaching and learning through the unprecedented time during the COVID-19 pandemic are crucial to understand the barriers and challenges of the situation. @B%~q"v0Dq+() SDi &j{, Developing digital self-efficacy and technological proficiency can also minimise some fears and anxieties while individuals engage in a self-regulated learning process [67, 68]. Teaching and learning are essential parts of the rounded development of individuals to unfold their potential. This chapter outlines strategies, in general, for the education sector, and in particular, institutions and individuals to be better prepared for future emergencies through the opportunities e-learning offers. R.Ce.DA0M`"Y*!FX,.8m3_#'E I3?rLDM_ BoEpGe#CG42C$b2DVD4 DOU iHW-DG0HprX4 { Dd3A`(5,tTq9{Z`,6;a5[ P$:0P1[hcPpgPRe' LzzsK6*QA2M$Ys1P&I`2 /kUta:'Hf%!OQER0e3MRosi^Z>VfRCvm,\U&iJ8 )6>;=n{9D_8\{>tJQs|? Technological advancement also enriches the teaching materials, makes the best use of time and allows having live, visual and authentic learning conditions which ignite learners to absorb knowledge [20, 21]. Accountability Strengthening education systems (including state and non-state) to ensure equitable and effective education services for all children and young people and avoiding Researchers should consider how to capture the hidden mental wellbeing of students in addition to collecting students impressions before they get disaffected and drop out of the course. %PDF-1.6 % M. Mahruf C. Shohel. Higher education lecturers, who develop their own modules, in their module design, they should take into consideration, recognise and acknowledge the importance of good mental health in learning and incorporate tailored interventions, feedback and advice, and support accordingly [48]. Becoming enlightened through Rogers [88] point of view on personality, virtual learning should be self-explorative. Personnel management, staffing and organizational development, goal setting, resource management and budgeting are examples of the many other functions within the profession that are both important and time consuming. nk'V2J$! 0.O c'Rt}{i)6VM{8>) 0000002535 00000 n There are two types of online distance learning - asynchronous and synchronous online learning which are often compared, but for online learning to be effective and efficient, instructors, organisations and institutions must be aware of the benefits and limitations of both [25]. Prevention strategies should include more widespread helmet use and increasing bicycle lane provision to enable traffic separation in Hong Kong. endstream endobj 192 0 obj<> endobj 193 0 obj<> endobj 194 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 195 0 obj[/ICCBased 208 0 R] endobj 196 0 obj<> endobj 197 0 obj<> endobj 198 0 obj<>stream endobj It affects how people think, feel, and act so that they can manage their stress and anxiety. /Type /Page Therefore, documentation of ones own experience and sharing such knowledge with others is essential. [59] highlighted that the elements that trigger learning challenges and disruptive behaviours may be caused by boredom and misunderstanding, whilst also asserting that concentration is a factor for better learning. Therefore, an integrated strategic support should be in place to help these kinds of learners including psychological, social and financial supports. The COVID-19 pandemic has required a long-term adjustment with clear consequences for teaching and learning settings, and conventional face-to-face lessons are being transformed to incorporate a combination of synchronous and asynchronous pedagogical approaches and delivery methods. >> [h[yrs63[6"kEUFlE si@q8Ix[d;t,`eSL$PTX endobj Emergency remote teaching has been widely implemented in the education system worldwide to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. o$zn>|zJP[tO_Qk]@P: F[cVQ9;hwGb1(.F]^8y~[-~8oWxg]C5`r)-tYewm= Itx \gE_d $/:)Ih+ KpD {rjBM$2MH:LGkY&D {R&oR%"Fp2UTo4otoCQDD'buUEaEc@\V{Q0(T2ji N6+Xu4> -"7TVFXoHbvvb.rM@D".D@dQH.n$Cg#zlvh xl+/Kb (UQ y}Hd$BTl ',oTHfpTFd'9 >1Q#>_p Subsequently, it is even more difficult to recognise such unproductive emotional states such as boredom, and irritation. >> 285 0 obj <>stream /Length 2968 The current trend shows that the tendency for online distance teaching and learning has gone up as compared to previous years [32] as this pandemic has left no other satisfactory choice than learning mostly online. %PDF-1.4 % /Subtype /XML Likewise, ORegan [46] described mental wellbeing as being vital during online learning and his research has put mental health at the centre of the teaching and learning process. $,3e`#@ fzd Course designers and researchers should thus be mindful when determining the quality of the e-learning course on the basis of basic end-of-course surveys. endobj /Filter /FlateDecode Baker et al. tertiary education on the basis of capacity by every appropriate means.2 In emergency situations, it may be more difficult to meet these goals but they cannot be ignored. 0000340651 00000 n Considering the various impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on learning, students require help and support in different areas. Norman Nieves is the Director of Emergency Management at the University of Central Oklahoma. /Length 10 These variables are determined by various interface qualities, pedagogical values and resources. They also indicated that these stress-learning performance relationships had been partly mediated by fatigue and the desire to learn. Emergency remote teaching has been widely implemented in the education system worldwide to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. 5 0 obj By Beatriz De Castro Magalhes, Adriana Vieira Nobre, By Isla Camilla Carvalho Laureano, Alidianne Fbia Ca IntechOpen Limited %%EOF Society, spirituality and culture have strong connections with morals, values and ethics [102, 103, 104]. Such unconditional acceptance and empathy should be expressed by teachers towards all students. Emergency education: A critical review of the field. /MediaBox [0 0 576 783] hXn6%yp'40SmD5 qIKQ9wDIA%*K"&$Zqb,(b$9p,p$\"\+AJo7$KJGg8FuZ''p"9@9CuK6p? They thought that their disciplinary teaching and learning approaches might not be suitable through online teaching and learning. There is a need for more empirical research in the field of education in emergencies (EiE) to support advanced understandings of learner engagement, mental health and wellbeing issues, interactive activities in remote teaching and learning, and building effective collegiate communities [10]. 7 0 obj >> Even though numerous programmes have been delivered through e-learning in different educational institutions including schools, colleges and universities, this is the first time for most teachers and students to use virtual teaching and learning tools and technologies in their full-time education programmes. Male students appear to show higher levels of negative emotions and greater emotional arousal [64] while female students appear to be more open to obtaining teacher support [65]. Factors need to be supported for individuals mental wellbeing during education in emergencies. This means a teachers virtual instruction for primary level learners in virtual class should be as specific, clear and experiential as possible. Norman Nieves is the Director of Emergency Management at the University of Central Oklahoma. Because of the differences and even quirks within IHE emergency management programs, and as the programs continue to develop as a relatively new field, many new emergency managers, and perhaps some transitioning into the academic setting, will value the many lessons learned from the experienced IHE emergency managers below. However, during emergencies, educational researchers (including teachers, administrators, leaders) should engage to conduct participatory and critical action research in different learning environments or modalities (i.e. Therefore, education in emergencies could be defined as education that is provided during times of crisis created by conflicts or disasters ([10], p. 2). Comparative Education, 41(4), 487-503; 13. For example, some modules in science and engineering programmes require physical demonstration or lab work so that student can have face-to-face interactions with their teacher to understand practical aspects and learn. Jerusha Kasch is the director of Institutional Crisis Management at Rice University. /Metadata 2 0 R document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); In this webinar, attendees will learn the observable behaviors people exhibit as they head down a path of violence so we can help prevent the preventable. Considering the above benefits and challenges of online distance teaching and learning, it is crucial to go on with emergency remote (online distance) teaching and learning especially at this point of time (during the lockdown in the pandemic). Ensuring an emotionally healthy e-learning environment and recognising mental wellbeing in learning are important for both learners and teachers. /Rotate 0 endstream endobj 286 0 obj <>stream Furthermore, Lewins life space concept [88] also considers the learners physical and psychological aspects of life. Brenda D. Phillips, Ph.D. Cassandra Stelter is the emergency manager for Gonzaga University. 2021 The Author(s). These are fundamental components of quality dynamic in learning and cognitive success [56]. However, there are only limited resources and obviously not all universities can provide such resources to all staff and students which is another challenge of emergency remote online learning. 1 0 obj It has been challenging for many educators to learn and use various tools and techniques and create engaging learning opportunities in the unfamiliar virtual learning environments or digital workspaces [9]. startxref the COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency management within institutes of higher education (IHE) continues to evolve. 654 0 obj <> endobj Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Educators and practitioners, with short notice and little preparation time, were confronted with redesigning their curricula, changing their pedagogical and assessment practices from face-to-face to online virtual classrooms and embracing additional pastoral care of their students in order to maintain their wellbeing and the quality of the educational experience and performance. Therefore, research needs to be carried out to identify the good practices of teaching and learning and proper use of emerging technologies in order to understand the role of digital education in the context of the twenty-first century. Financial support must be given to poor students to buy handheld devices (i.e. The need to develop 21st-century competencies has received global recognition [92, 93, 94], but instructional methods have not been reformed yet to include the teaching of these skills. Andy Altizer is the Director of Emergency Management at Kennesaw State University. /Parent 3 0 R This discussion will help participants analyze, understand, and assess their own program effectiveness. Online religion-focused education should be available in order to enhance and connect with learners moral development during the emergency. The correlation between cognition and mental health is bidirectional, which means that cognition and mental health operate in two ways, so both must be better understood [58]. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1481803500007545 Here it must be mentioned that even in a pandemic situation, there is no change in parental expectation of getting higher marks in exams from their children. For educational institutions to go ahead with e-learning, it is vital to ensure inclusiveness of provisions that all students be considered, as well as what policies and practices must be introduced to accommodate and address the needs of all stakeholders, now and in the future. Teachers roles in ensuring students mental health and wellbeing in learning and online teaching are similarly complex, as positions vary widely across higher education and within e-learning. JlA$(q8jHP=M0R=JDmjU+br a<0%Cs endobj 1-256-782-8053. Particularly, physical, religion and safety awareness-based educational topics should be measured visually and verbally that is through viva voce among the students. Concerning mental health and wellbeing throughout the learning process, teachers should pay close attention to learners epistemic wellbeing to foster their self-regulated knowledge generation ([45], p. 15) through students voices. /Resources 11 0 R One of the main advantages of the use of technology is that a large number of students can join online session at one time. In this way, such learners will experience their text-book topic empirically. How can e-learning help individuals, including teachers and students cope with the situation and at the same time support their personal and professional growth? application/pdf The three 'E' approaches (education, enforcement and environment) should be implemented to prevent bicycle injuries in Hong Kong. aT71=oJcjk{0XH'9.sz(#-@Z`%cgSgMC?fC&= L0 w08FW #xT&"[^^ [Of5mbsKUc) /6{zl>VI 2 0 obj 6 0 obj Providing education online gives the option for people to learn, increase their knowledge and skills, and make the best use of their time especially during lockdown, isolation and quarantine. Basic safety awareness based virtual classes also should be taken by learners of all ages to be aware of how to ensure safety against viruses, abuse, mental health issues and online safety. Plan Internationals education in emergencies programme strives to provide quality formal and non-formal education opportunities that meet the needs of girls and 0000002145 00000 n These kinds of webinars or e-learning activities will enhance students attachment and engagement with their teachers, classmates and institutions. In an online teaching and learning setting, even with a synchronous teacher present, it is difficult for teachers to notice or discuss any mental health-related issues with individual students. The effect of the sudden change and immediacy of emergency remote teaching and learning was challenging for many educators, including lecturers and support staff [85, 86]. stream EMS is a critical component of the nations healthcare system. 0000001898 00000 n However, there are clear distinctions between adequately planned online learning experiences and courses presented online as a response to the crisis [5, 28]. /Contents [13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R] The students levels, needs, requirements and contexts should be considered when making such decisions. /Type /Page 0000002647 00000 n This chapter focuses on three questions in order to better understand and suggest recommendations for policy and practice in the context of education in emergencies: Why is mental wellbeing important during a crisis time? 'Education in emergencies' refers to the quality learning opportunities for all ages in situations of crisis, including early childhood development, primary, secondary, non-formal, technical, Education, in general, is life-saving, life-sustaining and life-transforming life-long process ([10], p. 2) and in emergencies, it creates the learning opportunities for individuals and can equip them to face on-going crises as well as crises to come[11]. The challenges in building foundational competencies through designing new curriculums and implementing pedagogy necessitate specialised training. These findings contribute to the understanding of emergency remote teaching in different countries where schools and individual households devise varying strategies and solutions. 191 0 obj <> endobj Chen et al. If a teacher neglects or is unaware of the mental health issues of any student and the reasons that cause the student to act as he or she does, then the teacher will not be able to promote the concentration of the student or to enhance his or her potential achievement. It also reflects on educational professionals work with students during this pandemic i.e. The proportion of paper-based traditional tests should be reduced as much as possible and continuous, holistic assessment must be focused [86]. In addition, LePine et al. Ensuring the right to education in emergencies and building resilience in the face of crisis. Jerusha Kasch is the director of Institutional Crisis Management at Rice University and a certified emergency manager. Due to the multifaceted impact of the situation, it is suggested that students should be connected with other people, be physically active, learn new skills, create positive feelings and be mindful [52]. Virtual classes can exacerbate underlying mental health issues for many students. John Tommaney is the Director of Emergency Management at Boston College. Following the principles of qualitative research, on this reflection a foreign language teacher describes his social experience in an Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) when he moved his face-to-face classes to online ones. With the help of virtual psychotherapy and mental health clinicians, students will be able to improve their mental health and wellbeing and acknowledge the meaning of life in emergencies. hmk0}JgA li_04iBu_'~KAP 0000008757 00000 n /Length 1619 0000342319 00000 n [77] make the clear yet important argument that student satisfaction is a key element in the successful implementation of the e-learning programme. How can they keep their students motivated and encourage them about learning and education where the future seems blurred? 696 0 obj <>stream According to UNESCO ([18], p. 11), the rationales of the educational responses in emergencies are to provide humanitarian assistance as follows: Education helps meet the psychological needs of children affected by conflicts or disasters which disrupts their lives and social networks. The chapter explores literature to draw on different perspectives regarding the issues related to effectiveness in handling education and learning in an emergency in addition to preparedness for post and future emergencies. /Contents [8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R] This is evident in how some learners prepare for online tests or feels online test anxiety, how they communicate feelings virtually, how they respond to student-teacher relationships and communications, and how they react to online verbal and non-verbal stimuli [63]. Satisfaction and good mental wellbeing are therefore significant in e-learning and online education. The overall objective of the EEC is to ensure that emergency-affected school-age girls and boys (including IDPs) continue to get access to safe and quality education in emergency. 0p4|FQIvO=O8TM{5^4Z>pp@1!/c_`01HSX8Gj'}?q&6l=>nX$}?a GOeVH;q=W$,Bfy'@7* This not only included switching from face-to-face to online distance teaching and learning, but also unparalleled parental involvement in childrens education, and the development of families coping mechanisms when forced to self-quarantine or work from home. a?q$.Ee]o^">EF E~D~L;z_ QBWF1ApY^xxR, s7Me,;kLKxyp$Z,?eQ$Yzyt(HW}U,u'?@|pv'IQ&*29x1B4{y07W/3. As a result of lockdown, they had to change or alter their approaches to adjust with emergency remote teaching and learning so that they can continue their education programmes and complete their courses in time. Take time to attend formal training, sit in on meetings, join emergency management associations at the local, regional state or national levels. 4 Os0@9lO)qjSwTZ}:DK8?7%Fr8 9~). For example, if large numbers of refugees arrive from a neighbouring country and are accommodated in camps in a remote location, then new schools have to be established as a % /Annots [22 0 R] HWn7~y ;yh dGTK} /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 576 783] V/XN*ph %d)NSp{hdrx_iiM\2Yl=hWwu5Zwq, The current COVID-19 pandemic has forced public and private organisations, companies and institutions as well as individuals to change their behaviours during lockdown to maintain social distancing. However, what are the practicalities of such suggestions when a student seeks help for a mental health problem during his or her educational journey? Susan Fisher is the Emergency Management Coordinator at California State University, Fullerton. Everyone, including children, young people, young adults, students, and scholars, is influenced by online learning. Due to sudden switching to emergency remote teaching and learning, learners are not prepared, and they are less confident to follow the virtual instructions of their teachers. Some primary and secondary level students become dependent on their parents or other family members to participate in their virtual class due to lack of technological skills for using online learning tools [80, 81, 82]. In order to minimise the effect and maximise the impact of education in emergencies, emerging technologies have been used increasingly for teaching and learning for more than two decades. However, this does not mean that technology takes over the instructors tasks and human presence in the learning process. This would also provide an opportunity to develop an instructional guideline as well as policy and procedural recommendation tools to assist others. Your email address will not be published. A common platform for education in emergencies and protracted crises: evidence paper 59. In the sudden emergency remote teaching and learning, especially designing and delivering education at short notice, has made digital technologies a ubiquitous requirement for teachers and students to continue their teaching and learning, and especially for higher education institutions to provide education. In this way, students will be able to realise their inner potentials and teacher-centric lecture time will be reduced. KEEPING CHILDREN IN SCHOOL. Education is an urgent priority in emergencies because it: saves lives and provides a safe space for children, where they are protected from physical harm, early marriages, prostitution, child labour and being recruited as child soldiers, is a key vehicle through which children can learn about preventable diseases, Others may experience new mental health and mood changes due to the pandemic and online learning [106]. In this way, individual and cultural area-based students needs should be explored. xref UK, USA, Japan) have done their best to support their students and staff. This process of collegiality support the transformation of traditional education, to enable it to be successful, through blended and online experiences, in developing better learning outcomes for their students [87]. The crises in the Northeast is a protection crisis, there is need for quantitative and precise data on protection concerns related with education. u'?Jam 6U#Vx.u}0ttj'pM}YE,Af=|1 nCJ^% H As a result, students become less self-esteemed and motivated to learn as well as possessing little enjoyment in a virtual classroom [83, 84]. However, it focuses mainly on the role of the education sector in supporting individuals, especially learners and educators during and after emergencies. Collaboration and Community Partnerships: Strategies for Effective School and Higher Ed Emergency Operations Plan Development 2. Safe education. !~OejGr\.Rv`RWl7r3AAOI+^pxDbE][eh: gmEBG#v $d^{sC4 yK$vMRtM RvfU'E KM`'Rct'Ztiju"P |+@I3%w^O31Pw|l$)! s`y:C>R@6dhd4*O9nso_xUGW_'> i g?6?^m8_m!SD=r/ <=&=Y!W ktk With the introduction of digitalisation into the sphere of education, it is unknown if educational barriers have been eliminated or removed through e-learning or, whether it became a further barrier in maintaining inequalities in education. While completing assignments and working out in their own environment, students in an online physical education (PE) class practice self-directed learning habits, and they often become health advocates in their own homes [100]. << Thus, [t]eaching and learning practices which foster both cooperation and competition, independence and self-evaluation, can build the strength of students voices in ways that do not deny learners self-identity and values ([76], pp. As initiatives related to education in emergencies continue to grow, graduate students of Columbia University have, for the second year in a row, created a compilation of student work reflecting critical issues in the field. Despite many barriers and challenges, online teaching and learning have undoubtedly improved further with the passage of time. Online assessment procedures should be flexible as now education is being provided in emergency situations. Abstract. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, online distance teaching and learning have become a necessity to maintain continuity of education. Students high satisfaction of learning, as they claim, is associated with lower dropout rates, increase engagement, learning success and dedication to the programmes they enrolled. As a result, education work settings have become more collegial and collaborative with colleagues supporting one another. face-to-face, online and blended) to better understand different delivery modes and improve their practices. Education can be a life-saving intervention: it provides a safe place for children to learn and play, provides protection from further violence and exploitation such as forced labour, sexual Developing Professionals: Experience from a Distan Strategies and Psycho-social Interventional Steps, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UnitedKingdom, Department of Education, University of Roehampton, UnitedKingdom, Department of Psychology, Jagannath University, Bangladesh, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UnitedKingdom, Institute of Education and Research, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Institute of Health, University of Wolverhampton, UnitedKingdom, Department of Education, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Digital University, Bangladesh. Emergency managers from Kennesaw State, Cal State Fullerton, Rice University, the University of Central Oklahoma, Gonzaga University and Boston College share their strategies for success. Decentralised power such as power given to local authorities should be implemented in the education sector for developing and under-developing countries. 0000342136 00000 n 3 0 obj Virtual quizzes or art competitions can be held to engage the students and keep them busy in a constructive way [97, 98]. ]~zwz5wyXZt&\wI=lW+x,j7c+7[>aC.nO. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on every aspect of human life [1, 2, 3, 4]. uuid:3c88b22f-2a5c-11dc-8b41-003065d70912 Educators are helping each other to make this continuous professional development process moving forward by offering not only course design and development support but also instructional tips. Education is a fundamental right and a basic need for children caught in humanitarian crises. Brenda@jsucc.jsu.edu. >> Not for further distribution unless allowed by the License or with the express written permission of Cambridge University Press. [27] concluded that the instructional achievement of online learning is debatable because of the absence of face-to-face relationship among learners and learning facilitators (i.e. As a response to the COVID-19 crisis, emergency remote education was put into practice to ensure the continuity of education for students via home learning supported by the educational institutions. /Type /Page The world has been going through an unprecedented situation due to the world-wide health crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic. @!tN Teachers, who aim to teach more online and welcome change, will relieve some of their students worries and anxieties about teaching online [69, 70]. Education in emergencies and conflict areas is the process of teaching and promoting quality education for children, youth, and adults in crisis-affected areas. Online learning during this pandemic is referred to as emergency remote education, emergency remote learning or emergency remote teaching and learning because it is in contrast with the quality or effectiveness of providing education online [5, 29]. According to Piaget [91], primary education learners are in the concrete operational stage of cognitive development and therefore they might not be able to think in the abstract ways that come in the formal operational stage of adolescence. 0 2022-04-12T18:50:58+00:00 Research shows that the discussion method is better than the lecture method in terms of students academic achievement [89]. 0 Mental health has been seen to be significant in learning as it relates to and acts as a driving force for academic achievement, motivation, efficiency, identity formation, individual development, and overall wellbeing; yet it may negatively influence the achievement of learning outcomes, progress, and experience [47, 48, 49, 50, 51]. mr+AUYm|2 H_#KK"pHa.a&Q&5FQ\,ae! The Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE) Minimum Standards for Education in Emergencies provides useful guidelines for the establishment of safe, accessible temporary learning spaces and age-appropriate WASH facilities. Educational mobile apps must be developed for children, adolescents, adults, and also for physically disabled students, for those who have hearing problems and for learners who are partially or fully blind. Education in emergencies (EiE) has been defined in such a way that educational needs are met along with humanitarian assistance provided, to protect individuals in a crisis [10]. << https://doi.org/10.1017/S1481803500007545 Published online by Cambridge University Press. After a long period of emergency remote learning and lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, learners are struggling with academic engagement and as their institutional face-to-face teaching and learning has been disrupted. To maintain learners effective virtual learning which will enhance their mental wellbeing and will fulfil the goal of education in emergencies (EiE) the following specific strategies and psycho-social interventional steps may be appropriate: In the light of the theories of Socrates and Plato the virtual class as well as distant teaching and learning tasks should be of essence or form (means an existence which is separated from its individual manifestations) based [88]. /MediaBox [0 0 576 783] 0000002385 00000 n In the vein of challenges and learning opportunities, this chapter outlines strategies, methods, and tools to address the prevention of gaps in continuing education during these unprecedented times. It is worth noting that mental wellbeing and emotions are experienced by all those participating in the e-learning process (i.e., learners, teachers, support staff) and are crucial to the relationship with and between these individuals [66]. What advice would you have for someone that is starting the Emergency Management program, for the first time, at a college? Such new paradigms have led the education sector worldwide to change the ways of teaching and learning in a significantly short period of time, which creates both challenges and opportunities. London, SW7 2QJ, Many emergency management programs fall within the public safety/police department, while others rest within environmental health and safety. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. With students and educators reentering their classrooms for the 2022-23 school year, district leaders need to be able to reassure everyone in their school community that school safety. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. Many educational and cultural practices could be interchangeably used in online and traditional educational approaches [90]. In this way, the learners anxiety about virtual class could be positive, which will enhance their learning. UNITED KINGDOM, M. Mahruf C. Shohel, Arif Mahmud, Munira Azhar Urmee, Muhammad Naveed Anwar, Mohammad Mojibur Rahman, Dev Raj Acharya and Md. As defined, mental health is a condition of a person that includes emotional, psychological, and social wellbeing [36]. Your email address will not be published. Moreover, real and perceived social learning activities towards supporting the individuals cognitive engagement and learning outcomes, career development and personal performance behaviours are equally important to improve the quality of e-learning for individuals in emergencies. Ashrafuzzaman, E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century, Education in emergencies (EiE): challenges and opportunities of teaching and learning online, Mental wellbeing and its importance while providing education in emergencies, The future: technological adaptation and integration for blended or hybrid learning. Students are equally valued in all respects by teachers whether they are on campus face-to-face class or in a virtual class. Any events that take place outside of the regular (compulsory) curriculum are referred to as extracurricular activities [96]. Some educators and learners were reluctant to accept the emerging technologies for online teaching and learning or training for professional development at the beginning of the pandemic. HW^. mobile phone set, tablet, laptop or computer with headphone and microphone), and a space where they could sit comfortably, quietly, without distractions to participate in teaching and learning. 9 0 obj Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria (2015c) Funding process & steps, The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education sector has halted the traditional education system but has also fostered innovation due to the challenges of the crisis. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. endobj 2022 Emerald X, LLC. In this way, e-learning should be focused on basic ideas about all relevant aspects of life, especially dealing with ongoing emergency including what is important, what to do, where to go and how to cope with different situations. << Susan Fisher is the Emergency Management Coordinator at California State University, Fullerton. Education is vital to the reconstruction of the socio-economic and cultural basis of family, local and national life and for sustainable development and peacebuilding. endstream stream They should also be supported in coping with isolation and homesickness while they are stuck at their accommodations, and maintaining relationships with families and friends from a distance [38, 39, 53, 54, 55] (Figure 1). A presentation made at the Workshop Creating Educational Opportunities for the Hazards Manager of the 21st Century. On the basis of virtual class attendance, virtual class participation and rate of academic engagement in virtual class-assessment should have monitored. One of the best approaches is to keep record of the experiences through the lens of educators and academics who are at the forefront of teaching and learning. The following four themes have been identified as important for the future of physical education and are prevalent in the online physical education course: 1) appropriate curriculum for students, 2) individualised option for students, 3) family-friendly content, and 4) lessons that involve students in developing long-term, healthy lifestyle behaviours [99]. /Type /Metadata Licensee IntechOpen. The education sector was not spared as education systems all over the world were abruptly shut down, forcing students and teachers to switch into emergency remote education (ERE) using online and other distance teaching and learning approaches [5]. 0000008138 00000 n It is a great opportunity from the students point of view that they can access the materials at anytime from anywhere and revisit or revise the available resources [30, 31]. Education in emergencies is based on the concept of education as a humanitarian response [12, 13, 14]. /Title (untitled) Education in Emergencies and Post-Conflict Situations: Problems, Responses and Possibilities, Vol. Education is a tool for protecting and safeguarding children in emergencies as they are extremely vulnerable in situations. Decentralisation is described as possibly the single most advocated reform for improving the provision of such basic services as education and health in developing countries in the literature on education ([109], p. 131). Teachers as practitioners have important insights to offer into how they overcome the difficulties through changes in practice and innovations in pedagogical methods and approaches using different digital or non-digital teaching and learning platforms and different tools and techniques. <]>> 0000340384 00000 n Being stuck at home, people may find more time to keep them engaged in learning activities [5, 29]. trailer It concerns human behaviour, where moral activity is practical [101]. They are also deprived of their friends and associates physical presence in their everyday life. From Mays existential psychological perspective on Normal or Healthy Anxiety [88] which is conducive to personal growth - a virtual class climate can be created in which all learners feel a normal or healthy anxiety to engage. It affected all sectors across the globe, including education. 0000002012 00000 n On the other hand, secondary, higher secondary and tertiary level students may be better able to deal with abstract instructions which can develop their creative and critical thinking. 0000008454 00000 n The crisis further revealed the flaws in the global education systems and taught a lesson that in this twenty-first century with all technological advancement, most nations are not prepared for educational crises, which require new approaches to education and emerging innovative pedagogies. College and university emergency management programs share the same important tenants as local, county, state and federal emergency management, which includes all phases of emergency management: preparedness, prevention, protection, response, recovery and mitigation. Basic technology skill-based virtual training programmes need to be implemented for students, teachers, administrators and parents so that they will be able to use different e-learning tools including conferencing tools such as Zoom, Google Classroom, Microsoft Team, Skype, Blackboard Collaborate etc. While collegiality is good to see, it is placing an additional burden on all staff members with an already strained workload. << 'Education in emergencies' refers to the quality learning opportunities for all ages in situations of crisis, including early childhood development, primary, secondary, non-formal, technical, vocational, higher and adult education. Education in emergencies provides physical, psychosocial, and cognitive protection that can sustain and save lives. If a teacher calls the students by name, monitors all students and provides positive and constructive feedback to each of the students virtually, students will own such a class and be motivated to engage academically. 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