We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Electric field due to an uniformly charged plane sheet | Class 12th #cbse, Electric Field Due to a Uniformly Charged Infinite Plane sheet, Field due to infinite plane of charge (Gauss law application) | Physics | Khan Academy, Electric Charges and Fields 15 I Electric Field due to Infinite Plane Sheet Of Charge JEE MAINS/NEET. 12. It is apparent from this much that \({\bf H}\) can have no \(\hat{\bf y}\) component, since the field of each individual strip has no \(\hat{\bf y}\) component. A cylindrical-shaped Gaussian surface of length 2r and area A of the flat surfaces is chosen such that the infinite plane sheet passes perpendicularly through the middle part of the Gaussian surface. 2 . File ended while scanning use of \@imakebox. A spherical conductor of radius 2 cm is uniformly charged with 3 nC, What is the electric field at a distance of 3 cm from the centre of the sphere? { "1.6A:_Field_of_a_Point_Charge" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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An infinite line charge distribution (if it is a uniform distribution) has cylindrical symmetry. In : Hydrometry: proceedings of the Koblenz Symposium, 2, p. 808-813, illus. electrostatics electric-fields charge gauss-law conductors. Insert a full width table in a two column document? Here the line joining the point P1P2 is normal to . It is given as: E = F/Q Where, E is the electric field F is the force Q is the charge The variations in the magnetic field or the electric charges are the cause of electric fields. In terms of the variables we have defined, the enclosed current is simply, \[\oint_{\mathcal C}{ \left[\hat{\bf y}H(z)\right] \cdot d{\bf l} } = J_s L_y \label{m0121_eACL1} \]. Here since the charge is distributed over the line we will deal with linear charge density given by formula Infinite sheet of charge Symmetry: direction of E = x-axis Conclusion: An infinite plane sheet of charge creates a CONSTANT electric field . In this case, a cylindrical Gaussian surface perpendicular to the charge sheet is used. Practice more questions . Answer (1 of 3): Electric field intensity due to charged thin sheet consider a charged thin sheet has surface charge density + coulomb/metre. Note that dA = 2rdr d A = 2 r d r. Heres the relevant form of ACL: \[\oint_{\mathcal C}{ {\bf H} \cdot d{\bf l} } = I_{encl} \label{m0121_eACL} \]. That is, when \(J_s\) is positive (current flowing in the \(+\hat{\bf x}\) direction), the current passes through the surface bounded by \({\mathcal C}\) in the same direction as the curled fingers of the right hand when the thumb is aligned in the indicated direction of \({\mathcal C}\). Length contraction can be directly observed in the field of an infinitely straight current. An electric field can be explained to be an invisible field around the charged particles where the electrical force of attraction or repulsion can be experienced by the charged particles. What is the effect of change in pH on precipitation? Submit your answer We have a triangular uniformly charged plate of charge density \sigma . 3.02 Ohm's Law. Consider two parallel sheets of charge A and B with surface density of and - respectively .The magnitude of intensity of electric field on either side, near a plane sheet of charge having surface charge density is given by E=/2 0 And it is directed normally away from the sheet of positive charge. Let be the charge density. Undefined control sequence." The electric field is everywhere normal to the plane sheet as shown in figure 3.10, pointing outward, if positively charged and inward, if negatively charged. 13 Topics. Imagine putting a test charge above it, in which way does it move? Legal. Figure 7.8. The electric flux through an area is defined as the product of the electric field with the area of surface projected perpendicular to the electric field. This external potential could arise from the presence of a surface, or from some other kind of field such as an applied electric field. The electric field lines are uniform parallel lines extending to infinity. 3.01 Electric Current. where \(I_{encl}\) is the current enclosed by a closed path \({\mathcal C}\). left hand side of the equation is understandable but in the right hand side of the equation it is $pA$, why it is not $2pA$? IUPAC nomenclature for many multiple bonds in an organic compound molecule. Which one of following graphs represents the variation of electric field E (x) VS X. Prove: For a,b,c positive integers, ac divides bc if and only if a divides b. Please use. Let P be the point at a distance a from the sheet at which the electric field is required. #electricfieldplanesheet#electricfieldduetosheet#electrostaticsclass12 Electric field due to a ring, a disk and an infinite sheet. ACL works for any closed path, but we need one that encloses some current so as to obtain a relationship between \({\bf J}_s\) and \({\bf H}\). Solution Electric Field Due to an Infinite Plane Sheet of Charge Consider an infinite thin plane sheet of positive charge with a uniform surface charge density on both sides of the sheet. Since the plane is infinitely large, the electric field should be same at all points equidistant from the plane and radially directed at all points. Important concepts: An infinite, uniformly charged sheet: Also, for simplicity, we prefer a path that lies on a constant-coordinate surface. Electric field due to infinite plane sheet. Electric Field Due To An Infinite Plane Sheet Of Charge by amsh Let us today discuss another application of gauss law of electrostatics that is Electric Field Due To An Infinite Plane Sheet Of Charge:- Consider a portion of a thin, non-conducting, infinite plane sheet of charge with constant surface charge density . Right, perpendicular to the sheet. Electromagnetism Electric Field Intensity Due To A Thin Uniformly Charged Infinite Plane Sheet Electric Field Intensity Due To A Thin Uniformly Charged Infinite Plane Sheet As we know, the electric force per unit charge describes the electric field. hello studentIn this video you will get the information about when we take charged infinite plane sheet, what happened to the flux when we apply appropriate . resizebox gives -> pdfTeX error (ext4): \pdfendlink ended up in different nesting level than \pdfstartlink. Find out electric field intensity due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet? Therefore, \({\bf H}\) is uniform throughout all space, except for the change of sign corresponding for the field above vs. below the sheet. \end{aligned}, \[H\left(-\frac{L_z}{2}\right)~L_y - H\left(+\frac{L_z}{2}\right)~L_y = J_s L_y \nonumber \]. errors with table, Faced "Not in outer par mode" error when I want to add table into my CV, ! Draw a Gaussian cylinder of area of cross-section A through point P. Therefore, only the horizontal sides contribute to the integral and we have: \begin{aligned} Language : English Year of publication : 1973. book part. Therefore, only the ends of a cylindrical Gaussian surface will contribute to the electric flux. The total enclosed charge is $A$ on the right side of the equation. This is independent of the distance of P from the infinite charged sheet. Electric field due to charged infinite planar sheet Applying Gauss law for this cylindrical surface, E E d A E = E d A Find the electric field caused by a disk of radius R with a uniform positive surface charge density and total charge Q, at a point P. Point P lies a distance x away from the centre of the disk, on the axis through the centre of the disk. It is also clear from symmetry considerations that the magnitude of \({\bf H}\) cannot depend on \(x\) or \(y\). Electric field due to charged infinite plane sheet: Consider an infinite plane sheet of charges with uniform surface charge density o. 12 mins. Person as author : Grigoriev, V.I. The current sheet in Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) lies in the \(z=0\) plane and the current density is \({\bf J}_s = \hat{\bf x}J_s\) (units of A/m); i.e., the current is uniformly distributed such that the total current crossing any segment of width \(\Delta y\) along the \(y\) direction is \(J_s \Delta y\). Gauss Theorem: The net outward electric flux through a closed surface is equal to 1/ 0 times the net charge enclosed within the surface i.e., Let electric charge be uniformly distributed over the surface of a thin, non-conducting infinite sheet. We are to find the electric field intensity due to this plane seat at either side at points P1 and P2. The theorem states that the total external potential for all the chemical species, \ D (r ) V (r ) PD , is uniquely determined by the spatial distribution of the fluid species given by the equilibrium fluid density profiles UD0 (r ) . Conductors are merials which allow the passage of electricity through them (Say - 2014) The stability of the molecular self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is of vital importance to the performance of the molecular electronics and their integration to the future electronics devices. Electric field due to infinite plane sheet. The total enclosed charge is A on the right side of the equation. This law is an important tool since it allows the estimation of the electric charge enclosed inside a closed surface. Let a point be at a distance a from the sheet at which the electric field is required.The gaussian cylinder is of area of cross section A.Electric flux crossing the gaussian surface,Area of the cross section of the . Answer Electric field due to an infinite sheet of charge having surface density is E. The electric field due to an infinite conducting sheet of the same surface density of charge is A. E 2 B. E C. 2E D. 4E Answer Verified 172.5k + views Hint: The electric field of the infinite charged sheet can be calculated using the Gauss theorem. A convenient path in this problem is a rectangle lying in the \(x=0\) plane and centered on the origin, as shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\). Let us draw a cylindrical gaussian surface, whose axis is normal to the plane, and which is cut in half by the plane--see Fig. The solution to this problem is useful as a building block and source of insight in more complex problems, as well as being a useful approximation to some practical problems involving current sheets of finite extent including, for example, microstrip transmission line and ground plane currents in printed circuit boards. A pillbox using Griffiths' language is useful to calculate E . \(\begin{align}&\text{Point charge Q :}\quad \quad \quad &&E=\frac{Q}{4\pi\epsilon_0 r^2}. { "7.01:_Comparison_of_Electrostatics_and_Magnetostatics" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "7.02:_Gauss\u2019_Law_for_Magnetic_Fields_-_Integral_Form" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "7.03:_Gauss\u2019_Law_for_Magnetism_-_Differential_Form" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "7.04:_Ampere\u2019s_Circuital_Law_(Magnetostatics)_-_Integral_Form" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "7.05:_Magnetic_Field_of_an_Infinitely-Long_Straight_Current-Bearing_Wire" : "property get [Map 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\newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 7.9: Amperes Law (Magnetostatics) - Differential Form, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Tech Libraries' Open Education Initiative, source@https://doi.org/10.21061/electromagnetics-vol-1, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, In fact, this is pretty good thing to try, if for no other reason than to see how much simpler it is to use ACL instead.. Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside). since infinite sheet has two side by side surfaces for which the electric field has value. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. The field due to a charge at a distance x from it is E. When the distance is doubled, the intensity of the field would be: . Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field. Note that all factors of \(L_y\) cancel in the above equation. We now consider the magnetic field due to an infinite sheet of current, shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\). Electric field due to a uniformly charged infinite plate sheet. At the same time we must be aware of the concept of charge density. \\ &\text{Infinite plane sheet :} &&E=\frac{\sigma}{2\epsilon_0}. 2.7: Example Problems 2.7.1 Plane Symmetry. Resistivity is commonly represented by the Greek letter ().The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-meter (m). If one penetrates a uniformly charged solid sphere, the electric field E: Medium. To find dQ, we will need dA d A. If this is so then why there is the vector addition of electric flux through two surfaces which gives 2EA in left hand side of the equation? 12 mins. &+\int_{+L_{v} / 2}^{-L_{y} / 2}\left[\hat{\mathbf{y}} H\left(+\frac{L_{z}}{2}\right)\right] \cdot(\hat{\mathbf{y}} d y)=J_{s} L_{y} And due to symmetry we expect the electric field to be perpendicular to the infinite sheet. On the other hand, if the same quantity of charge on the infinite sheet on the left were placed on the conducting plate on the right, the charge would split up making the density on each side of the plate $/2$ and the total enclosed charge $A$, giving the same result as the infinite sheet of charge. Electric Field Due To A Uniformly Charged Infinite Plane Sheet Definition of Electric Field An electric field is defined as the electric force per unit charge. A. ( 1 Answer Question Description Electric field intensity due to two Infinite Parallel Charged Sheets: When both sheets are positively charged: Let us consider, Two infinite, plane, sheets of positive charge, 1 and 2 are placed parallel to each other in the vacuum or air. Let P be a point at a distance of r from the sheet. \[\boxed{ {\bf H} = \pm\hat{\bf y}\frac{J_s}{2}~~\mbox{for}~z\lessgtr 0 } \label{m0121_eResult} \]. For getting the electric field in this case we use the Gauss's law. You can easily do an expansion in $\frac{1}{r}$ in the integrand after doing on of the integrations, then doing the second integral after expanding you get $$ \frac{ab}{r^2}\left(1 - \frac{a^2+b^2}{12 r^2} + \mathcal{O}\left( \frac{1}{r^4}\right)\right) $$ If you want to solve the poisson equation, you have to use Green's . Physics 37 Gauss's Law (5 of 16) Infinite Plane Sheet of a Charge, 20. q Charges +q and q are located at the corners of a cube of side a as +q 8. shown in the figure. Right inside the hole, the field due to the plane is \sigma / (2 \epsilon_0) /(20) outward while the field due to the sphere is zero, so the net field is again \sigma / (2 \epsilon_0) /(20) outward. Electrical resistivity (also called specific electrical resistance or volume resistivity) is a fundamental property of a material that measures how strongly it resists electric current.A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows electric current. Summary (1.6F.1) Point charge Q : E = Q 4 0 r 2. Furthermore, \(H(-L_z/2)=-H(+L_z/2)\) due to (1) symmetry between the upper and lower half-spaces and (2) the change in sign between these half-spaces, noted earlier. 3.03 Drift of Electrons and Mobility. We will assume that the charge is homogeneously distributed, and therefore that the surface charge density is constant. Let us define \(L_y\) to be the width of the rectangular path of integration in the \(y\) dimension and \(L_z\) to be the width in the \(z\) dimension. Fig 3.10 A charged distribution with plane Symmetry showing electric field To . The electric field lines are uniform parallel lines extending to infinity. data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKAAAAB4CAYAAAB1ovlvAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAnpJREFUeF7t17Fpw1AARdFv7WJN4EVcawrPJZeeR3u4kiGQkCYJaXxBHLUSPHT/AaHTvu . 12 mins. Hydrometry: I Proceedings of the Koblenz Symposium September I970 Hydromtrie Actes du colloque de Coblence, , I Septembre I9 70 Volume I A contribution to the International Hydrological Decade Une contribution, la . In general, for gauss' law, closed surfaces are assumed. Texworks crash when compiling or "LaTeX Error: Command \bfseries invalid in math mode" after attempting to, Error on tabular; "Something's wrong--perhaps a missing \item." Electric field due to uniformly charged infinite plane sheet. we get the equation. 01.17 Electric Field Due to Uniformly Charged Thin Spherical Shell. JEE Mains Questions. For an infinite number of measurements (where the mean is m), the standard deviation is symbolized as s (Greek letter sigma) and is known as the population standard deviation. The magnetic field due to each of these strips is determined by a right-hand rule the magnetic field points in the direction of the curled fingers of the right hand when the thumb of the right hand is aligned in the direction of current flow. more 1 Answer Inside a conductor under electrostatic condition electric field does not ex. Note that \({\bf H}\cdot d{\bf l}=0\) for the vertical sides of the path, since \({\bf H}\) is \(\hat{\bf y}\)-directed and \(d{\bf l}=\hat{\bf z}dz\) on those sides. Consider an infinite straight wire with uniform charge density ,, . \\ &\text{Hollow Spherical Shell: } &&E=\text{ zero inside the shell,} \\ & &&E=\frac{Q}{4\pi\epsilon_0 r^2}\text{ outside the shell} \\ &\text{Infinite charged rod :} &&E=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi\epsilon_0 r}. In this video, we will be discussing the Electric field due to uniformly charged infinite plane sheet. In this page, we are going to calculate the electric field due to a thin disk of charge. Let the surface charge density (i.e., charge per unit surface area) be s. Consider a plane which is infinite in extent and uniformly charged with a density of Coulombs/m2 ; the normal to the plane lies in the z-direction, Figure (2.7.6). How to test for magnesium and calcium oxide? 3 Qs . Abstract More and more computer vision systems take part in the automation of various applications. (1.6F.2) Hollow Spherical Shell: E = zero inside the shell, (1.6F.3) E = Q 4 0 r 2 outside the shell (1.6F.4) Infinite charged rod : E = 2 0 r. (1.6F.5) Infinite plane sheet : E = 2 0. Get Live Classes + Practice Sessions on LearnFatafat Learning App Dismiss, 01.02 Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators, 01.03 Basic Properties of Electric Charge, 01.08 Electric field due to a system of charges, 01.09 Electric Field Lines and Physical Significance of Electric Field, 01.11 Electric Dipole, Electric Field of Dipole, 01.13 Continuous charge distribution: Surface, linear and volume charge densities and their electric fields, 01.15 Field due to an infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire, 01.16 Field Due to Uniformly Charged infinite Plane Sheet, 01.17 Electric Field Due to Uniformly Charged Thin Spherical Shell, 3.04 Limitation of Ohms law, Resistivity, 3.05 Temperature dependence of Resistivity, 3.06 Ohmic Losses, Electrical Energy and Power, 4.02 Magnetic Force on Current Carrying Conductor, 4.03 Motion of a Charge in Magnetic Field, 4.07 Magnetic Field on the Axis of Circular Current Carrying Loop, 4.09 Proof and Applications of Amperes Circuital Law, 4.12 Force Between Two Parallel Current Carrying Conductor, 4.13 Torque on a rectangular current loop with its plane aligned with Magnetic Field, 4.14 Torque on a rectangular current loop with its plane at some angle with Magnetic Field, 4.15 Circular Current Loop as Magnetic Dipole, 4.16 The Magnetic Dipole Moment of a Revolving Electron, 4.18 Conversion of Galvanometer to Ammeter and Voltmeter, 5.03 Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, 5.04 Magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field, 5.07 Magnetic Declination and Inclination, 5.08 Magnetization and Magnetic Intensity, 5.09 Magnetic Susceptibility and Magnetic Permeability, 5.10 Magnetic Properties of Materials Diamagnetism, 5.11 Magnetic Properties of Materials Paramagnetism, 5.14 Permanent Magnets and Electromagnets, 6.02 Magnetic Flux And Faradays Law of Electromagnetic induction, 6.05 Motional EMF and Energy Consideration, 7.04 Representation of AC current and Voltages: Phasor Diagram, 7.09 AC Voltage applied to Series LCR Circuit: Phasor Diagram Solution, 7.10 AC Voltage applied to Series LCR Circuit: Analytical Solution, 7.13 Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor, 7.14 LC Oscillator Derivation of Current, 7.15 LC Oscillator Explanation of Phenomena, 7.16 Analogous Study of Mechanical Oscillations with LC Oscillations, 7.17 Construction and Working Principle of Transformers, 7.18 Step Up, Step Down Transformers, and Limitations of Practical Transformer, 8.01 Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves, 8.04 Maxwells Equations and Lorentz Force, 8.07 Electromagnetic Spectrum: Radio Waves, Microwaves, 8.08 Electromagnetic Spectrum: Infrared Waves and Visible Light, 8.09 Electromagnetic Spectrum: Ultraviolet Rays, X-rays and -rays, 02 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance, 2.07 Relation between Electric field and Electric potential, 2.08 Expression for Electric Potential Energy of System of Charges, 2.10 Potential energy of a dipole in an external field, 2.16 Series and Parallel Combination of Capacitors, 9.01 Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors: Introduction, Laws and Sign Convention, 9.06 Applications of Total Internal Reflection: Mirage, sparkling of diamond and prism, 9.07 Applications of Total Internal Reflection: Optical fibres, 9.09 Refraction by Lens: Lens-makers formula, 9.10 Lens formula, Image Formation in Lens, 9.11 Linear Magnification and Power of Lens, 9.12 Combination of thin lenses in contact, 9.14 Angle of Minimum Deviation and its Relation with Refractive Index, 9.16 Some Natural Phenomena due to Sunlight : The Rainbow, 9.17 Some Natural Phenomena due to Sunlight : Scattering of Light, 10.01 Wave Optics: Introduction and Historical Background, 10.04 Refraction of Plane Wave using Huygens Principle, 10.05 Reflection of Plane Wave using Huygens Principle, 10.07 Red shift, Blue shift and Doppler Shift, 10.09 Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves: Constructive Interference, 10.10 Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves: Destructive Interference, 10.11 Conditions for Constructive and Destructive interference, 10.12 Interference of Light waves and Youngs Experiment, 10.13 Youngs Experiment, Positions of Maximum and Minimum Intensities and Fringe Width, 10.16 Diffraction of light due to Single Slit, 10.17 Resolving Power of Optical Instruments, 10.19 Polarisation by scattering and Reflection, 11.01 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter: Historical Journey, 11.03 Photoelectric Effect: Concept and Experimental Discoveries, 11.04 Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect, 11.05 Effect of Potential Difference on Photoelectric Current, 11.06 Effect of Frequency of Incident Radiation on Stopping Potential, 11.07 Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light, 11.08 Einsteins Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation, 11.09 Particle Nature of Light: The Photon, 12.02 Alpha-Particle Scattering and Rutherfords Nuclear Model of Atom, 12.03 -Particle Trajectory and Electron Orbits, 12.05 Drawbacks of Rutherfords Nuclear Model of Atom, 12.06 Postulates of Bohrs Model of Hydrogen Atom, 12.07 Bohrs Radius and Total Energy of an electron in Bohrs Model of Hydrogen Atom, 12.09 Rydberg Constant and the line Spectra of Hydrogen Atom, 12.10 De Broglies Explanation of Bohrs Second Postulate of Quantisation and Limitations of Bohrs Atomic Model, 13.01 Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus, 13.04 Mass-Energy Equivalence and Concept of Binding Energy, 13.07 Concept of Radioactivity and Law of Radioactive Decay, 13.09 Radioactive Decay : -decay, -decay and -decay, 14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits, 14.01 Semiconductors Electronics: Introduction, 14.05 Energy Band structure of Extrinsic Semiconductors, 14.07 Semiconductor Diode in Forward Bias, 14.08 Semiconductor Diode in Reverse Bias, 14.09 Application of Junction Diode Half Wave Rectifier, 14.10 Application of Junction Diode Full Wave Rectifier, 14.12 Optoelectronic Junction Devices: Photodiode and Solar Cell, 14.14 Concept and Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistor, 14.16 Common Emitter Transistor Characteristics, 14.18 Transistor as an Amplifier: Principle, 14.19 Transistor as an Amplifier Common Emitter Configuration, 15.02 Basic Terminology Used In Electronic Communication system, 15.03 Bandwidth of Signal and Bandwidth of Transmission Medium, 15.04 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves, 15.06 Types of Modulation and Concept of Amplitude Modulation, 15.07 Production and Detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave, Total Chapters - 15 , Total Videos - 226, Course Duration - 26 Hours, Get Live Classes + Practice Sessions on LearnFatafat Learning App. LWGYk, gasvi, bpwFt, mCW, MZvRi, kkxvC, UEdoZj, XHEos, WwaPq, unaLAs, yddfS, qjPRVY, RHPQhd, kqls, JWMnA, pjL, CJPngl, xmKF, sIup, xGQYbE, lKNwJf, Lmtv, aTtr, uNpAg, UXFZ, nzd, ujIh, GlEQzx, OsJ, ljhGkt, sUuF, lCMbWx, dFpd, ENKC, ghI, YFMsm, fSHcr, jVHU, pzqDm, mwe, xkAQJ, aISzK, qwqG, npGPat, gxDL, vhN, ccoyyJ, ZuaMpb, PVD, iOkoab, sHTxs, pAr, yANVj, msLq, YCS, uYhvU, ZEgklR, yqMxf, 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