A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of \[8pF\]\[\left( 1pF={{10}^{-12}}F \right)\]. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, on or after November 8, 1999, no railroad shall place or continue in service any vehicle, other than a private car, that is equipped with a rim-stamped straight-plate wheel if a brake shoe acts on the tread of the wheel for the purpose of slowing the vehicle. Subpart G - Specific Safety Planning Requirements for Tier II Passenger Equipment, Subpart H - Specific Requirements for Tier III Passenger Equipment. (a) A railroad subject to this part shall not -. What is the amount of work done in moving a point charge Q. around a circular arc of radius r at the centre of which another point charge q is located? \frac{q_{1}q_{2}}{r}\]. (ii) To assess compliance with the alternative requirements, the railroad shall submit the following documents to the Associate Administrator, for review: (A) Test plans, and supporting documentation for all tests intended to demonstrate compliance with the alternative requirements and to validate any computer modeling and analysis used, including notice of such tests, 30 days before commencing the tests; and. The Mail I t was the Dover road that lay, on a Friday night late in November, before the first of the persons with whom this history has business. Are all cord, cable and raceway connections intact and secure? (c) Corner posts. Training on workplace practices, which should include blood drawing, room cleaning, laundry handling, clean up of blood spills? \[\Rightarrow \frac{1}{{{C}_{net}}}=\frac{61}{60}pF\Rightarrow {{C}_{net}}=\frac{60}{61}pF\], which is the net capacitance. Material of higher yield strength may be used to decrease the required thickness of the material provided at least an equivalent level of strength is maintained. If preventative tasks cannot reduce the risk of such failures to an acceptable level, the item requires redesign to alter its failure consequences. Is there a training program to instruct employees on safe methods of machine operation? The diagram is as shown However, less than two days after this announcement, the dirty version of Bassoon, called Bassoon Prime, with a uranium-238 tamper in place, was tested on a barge off the coast of Bikini Atoll as the Redwing Tewa shot. Q:Q1: Charges q1 and q2 are located on the x axis, at distances a and b, respectively, from the origin, A:Total electric field due to both charges is equal to sum of the electric fields due to both charges, Q:A square-shaped ring of An approximate solution for the torsion of a thin-walled open section beam may be found by applying the results obtained in Section 3.4 for the torsion of a thin rectangular strip. [6], The U-235 nucleus can split in many ways, provided the atomic numbers add up to 92 and the atomic masses add to 236 (uranium plus the extra neutron). (k) Records. Such usage may continue while the petition is being processed, but in no event later than May 8, 2000, unless the petition is approved. The task types include: (1) Inspections of an item to find and correct any potential failures; (2) Rework/remanufacture/overhaul of an item at or before some specified time or age limit; (3) Discard of an item (or parts of it) at or before some specified life limit; and. (1) The main propulsion power line shall be protected with a lightning arrestor, automatic circuit breaker, and overload relay. (4) Impose operational limitations, as necessary, on the operation of the equipment if the equipment cannot meet safety requirements. (a) Except as provided in this part, all passenger equipment continues to be subject to the safety appliance requirements contained in Federal statute at 49 U.S.C. (i) Except as provided in paragraphs (e)(18)(ii) and (iii) of this section, passenger equipment that has any required rescue-access-related exterior marking, signage, or instruction that is missing, illegible, or inconspicuous may remain in passenger service until no later than the equipment's fourth exterior calendar day mechanical inspection or next periodic mechanical inspection required under 238.307, whichever occurs first, after the noncomplying condition is discovered, where the car shall be repaired or removed from service. and are assigned OMB control number 2130-0544. (b) Ease of operability. Nuclear Weapons Frequently Asked Questions: This page was last edited on 25 October 2022, at 15:45. You may obtain a copy of the incorporated document from the American Public Transportation Association, 1666 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20006, www.aptastandards.com. (ii) The elements prescribed in 238.111. The If internal combustion engines are used, is carbon monoxide kept within acceptable levels? Legible and understandable operating instructions shall be posted at or near each such intercom. Potential at point \[P\]can be given as, \[{{V}_{1}}=\frac{q}{4\pi {{\in }_{0}}{{d}_{1}}}\], Potential at point \[Q\], \[{{V}_{2}}=\frac{q}{4\pi {{\in }_{0}}{{d}_{2}}}\]. Intercom means a device through which voice communication is transmitted and received. Charge on inner surface Q. (1) If all of the following conditions are met: (i) The train is moved for purposes of repair, without passengers; (ii) The applicable operating restrictions in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section are observed; and, (iii) The passenger equipment is tagged, or information is recorded, as prescribed in paragraph (c)(2) of this section; or. Train electronic hardware and software safety. The enclosed charge is the charge contained between the two ends of the cylinder, which is the linear charge density multiplied by the length of the segment, which is the length of the cylinder. FRA will then notify the primary railroad contact person and the designated employee representatives in writing whether the inspection, testing, and maintenance program is approved and, if not approved, the specific points in which the program is deficient. (iv) No strand of wire is broken or protruding. The two fields at P are in opposite directions. Do cylinders without fixed hand wheels have keys, handles, or non-adjustable wrenches on stem valves when in service? (2) Directly welded safety appliances. 2, Standard for Low-Location Exit Path Marking, Authorized October 7, 2007, or an alternative standard providing at least an equivalent level of safety, if approved by FRA pursuant to 238.21. For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030 or go to www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html. Ans: Capacitance of capacitor ${{C}_{1}}$ is given as $100pF$. (2) An equivalent end structure that can withstand the sum of the forces that each collision post in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is required to withstand. Are paint spray booths, dip tanks and the like cleaned regularly? Is cleanliness maintained around grinder? You may obtain a copy of the incorporated standard from the American Public Transportation Association, 1666 K Street, Washington, DC 20006. (iii) Be permanently marked, prior to installation, in such a manner that the marking is clearly visible after the material has been installed. (i) Operating in all equipment orientations within 45 degrees of vertical; (ii) Operating after the initial shock of a collision or derailment resulting in the following individually applied accelerations: (iii) Operating all emergency lighting for a period of at least 90 minutes without a loss of more than 40% of the minimum illumination levels specified in this paragraph (a). A railroad shall require certification that a representative sample of combustible materials to be -, (1) Used in constructing a passenger car or a locomotive cab, or. (c) A Class IA brake test may be performed at a shop or yard site and is not required to be repeated at the first passenger terminal if the train remains on a source of compressed air and: (1) The train remains in the custody of the train crew; or. Intermediate level means a level of a multi-level passenger car that is used for passenger seating and is normally located between two main levels. On or after November 8, 1999, each emergency window exit shall be designed to permit rapid and easy removal from the inside of the car during an emergency situation without requiring the use of a tool or other implement. This plane is normal to line AB. A point particle of charge 2.5 nC and mass 3.25x10-3 kg is in a uniform electric field directed to the right. ), Potential difference is given as, \[V=15\times {{10}^{6}}V\], Dielectric strength of the surrounding gas\[=5\times {{10}^{7}}V{{m}^{-1}}\], Electric field intensity is given as, E = Dielectric strength = \[5\times {{10}^{7}}V{{m}^{-1}}\]. (9) All vestibule steps are illuminated. (2) Detailed documentation of any reliability assessments depended upon for implementing an alternative inspection interval under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, including underlying data, shall be retained during the period that the alternative inspection interval is in effect. Are cylinders legibly marked to clearly identify the gas contained? For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. This ensures all instructions have been followed and the work submitted is original and non-plagiarized. The railroad shall comply with those procedures that it designates as mandatory for the safety of the equipment and its occupants. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility Specifications for Transportation Vehicles also contain requirements for doorway clearance (See 49 CFR Part 38). Q1 = Q2 = 2.5C Semi-permanently coupled means coupled by means of a drawbar or other coupling mechanism that requires tools to perform the uncoupling operation. (a) wo large conducting spheres carrying charges \[{{Q}_{1}}\] and \[{{Q}_{2}}\] are brought close to each other. respectively as shown in the figure, (i) Find out the ratio of the electric flux through them, (ii) How will the electric flux through the sphere S1 change if a medium of dielectric constant er is introduced in the space inside S1 in place of air? (3) If two trainsets are coupled to form a single train that is not semi-permanently coupled (i.e., that is coupled by an automatic coupler), the automatically coupled ends shall be equipped with an end handhold that is located and installed so that an individual can safely couple and uncouple the trainsets. Given the speed of the fragments and the mean free path between nuclei in the compressed fuel assembly (for the implosion design), this takes about a millionth of a second (a microsecond), by which time the core and tamper of the bomb have expanded to plasma several meters in diameter with a temperature of tens of millions of degrees Celsius. (4) If batteries are of the type to potentially vent explosive gases, the batteries shall be adequately ventilated to prevent accumulation of explosive concentrations of these gases. (b) Each railroad shall develop, and provide to FRA upon request, a detailed inspection, testing, and maintenance plan consistent with the requirements of this part. Are hazardous substances identified which may cause harm by inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption or contact? Seat crashworthiness (passenger and cab crew). (e) Federal Register notice. (b) Ease of operability. It would be self-tamping, requiring a smaller U-238 tamper, no aluminium pusher and less high explosive. a) Dot A, 5mm from the left side of the left disc (b) Carbody acceleration. Is it prohibited to handle or transfer gasoline in open containers? side a carries a charge of Q At what point on the line joining the charges will the electric intensity be zero? Two dielectric slabs of dielectric constant \[{{K}_{1}}\] and \[{{K}_{2}}\] are filled in between the two plates, each of area \[A\], of the parallel plate capacitor as shown in the figure. (See Figures 2 and 2a of this subpart. When an electric dipole is placed parallel to a uniform electric field, net force, as well as net torque acting on the dipole, is zero and, thus, the dipole remains in equilibrium. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. (gravity will be neglected), What is the scalar electric field strength 15 mm away perpendicularly from the center of a disk charge with 10mm radius and has a total charge of +900 uC. For this reason, even the relatively low compression pressures and times (in fusion terms) found in the center of a hollow pit warhead are enough to create the desired effect. Do ducts have access doors to allow cleaning? Hence show that for points at a large distance from the ring, it behaves like a point charge. Instead of the requirements of 238.205, the units of a Tier I alternative passenger trainset may demonstrate their ability to resist vertical climbing and override at each colliding interface during a train-to-train collision by complying with the dynamic collision requirements in 238.707(a). The arrows p1 and p2 show the directions of its electric dipole moment in the two cases. (2) Electric field E, just outside the conductor, is given by the relation, Q 2.11) A 600pF capacitor is charged by a 200V supply. (If the equipment is designed with a tapered nose, the side of the car shall be determined based on the outer dimension of the tapered nose where the end handhold is attached.) Show that the force on each plate of a parallel plate capacitor has a magnitude equal to $\frac{1}{2}QE$, where $Q$ is the charge on the capacitor, and $E$ is the magnitude of the electric field between the plates. In completing this analysis, the railroad shall, as far as practicable, determine the extent to which remaining materials comply with the test performance criteria for flammability and smoke emission characteristics as specified in Appendix B to this part or alternative standards approved by FRA under this part. E 4r=q0/0 [ q=0] The procedures and instruction shall take into account weather conditions as they relate to throttle position and reverser handle; and. An electric dipole of length 2 cm is placed with its axis making an angle of 60 to a uniform electric field of 105 NC-1. (2) Steps crewmembers and control center personnel must take after the door summary circuit or no-motion system, or both, have been overridden to help provide for continued passenger safety. (2) Brake pipe leakage may not exceed 5 p.s.i. (xi) ASTM E 1590-01, Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses. (b) a field that uniformly increases in magnitude but remains in a constant (say, z) direction. If safety deficiencies cannot be corrected by design changes, the railroad shall impose operational limitations on the revenue service operation of the equipment designed to ensure the equipment can operate safely. Are exit signs provided with the word "EXIT" in lettering at least 5 inches high and the stroke of the lettering at least 1/2 inch wide? 1-1.C.6. If a passenger car in a Tier III trainset is not designed to comply with the requirements in 238.113 or 238.114, the railroad shall submit to FRA for approval an emergency window egress and rescue access plan during the design review stage. Emergency responder means a member of a police or fire department, or other organization involved with public safety charged with providing or coordinating emergency services, who responds to a passenger train emergency. Charge on a capacitor of capacitance \[C\] and potential difference \[V\] is given by the relation, Charge\[=VC=100\times 2=200pC=2\times {{10}^{-10}}C\], Charge\[=VC=100\times 3=300pC=3\times {{10}^{-10}}C\], Charge\[=VC=100\times 4=400pC=4\times {{10}^{-10}}C\]. Are the controls of hoists plainly marked to indicate the direction of travel or motion? Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. WebAnswer (1 of 2): Not in the near field. Answer: Ans: Electric potential at point on the equatorial line of an electric dipole can be expressed mathematically as: \[\Rightarrow V=\frac{K\left( -q \right)}{r}+\frac{K\left( +q \right)}{r}\]. = 180, = PE sin 180 = 0, Torque alligns the dipole in a direction opposite to \(\vec{E}\). Capacitance of the capacitor is given by the relation, Electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor is given by the relation, ${{E}_{1}}=\frac{1}{2}C{{V}^{2}}$, $=\frac{1}{2}\frac{{{\varepsilon }_{0}}A}{d}{{V}^{2}}$, ${{\varepsilon }_{0}}=$ Permittivity of free space$=8.85\times {{10}^{-12}}{{C}^{2}}{{N}^{-1}}{{m}^{-2}}$, $\therefore {{E}_{1}}=\frac{1\times 8.85\times {{10}^{-12}}\times 90\times {{10}^{-4}}\times {{\left( 400 \right)}^{2}}}{2\times 2.5\times {{10}^{-3}}}=2.55\times {{10}^{-6}}J$. (iii) The rigid locomotive shall be modeled using the data inputs listed in appendix H to this part so that it has a geometric design as depicted in Figure 1 to appendix H to this part; (5) The scenario shall be evaluated on tangent, level track; (6) The initially-moving trainset shall have an initial velocity of 20 mph if it is an integrated trainset, or an initial velocity of 25 mph if the lead vehicle of the trainset is not part of the integrated design; (7) The coupler knuckles on the colliding equipment shall be closed and centered; (8) The initially-moving trainset and initially-standing train consists are not braked; (9) The initially-standing train has only one degree-of-freedom (longitudinal displacement); and. Do stairs angle no more than 50 and no less than 30 degrees? There are three existing basic design types: A fourth type, pure fusion weapons, are a theoretical possibility. The form of such submission may be in written or electronic form consistent with the standards and requirements established by the Federal Docket Management System and posted on its web site at http://www.regulations.gov. (2) In the context of articulated equipment, passenger equipment means a segment of rail rolling equipment located between two trucks that is used in a train with one or more passenger cars. This is a result of having (2) Prior to placing a train in service that has been off a source of compressed air for more than four hours. E= \(\frac{\sigma}{2 \varepsilon_{0}}\) (From A to B), The electric field at P is Are all pulleys and belts that are within 7 feet of the floor or working level properly guarded? The electric field has a normal component at each end of the cylinder and no normal component along the curved surface of the cylinder. However, the converse is true i.e. The. Door emergency egress and rescue access systems. For final determination, a test needs to be made with real fissile material. Thus at far-off axial points, a charged ring behaves as if a point charge is situated at the center of the ring. (a) Passenger equipment that has previously been used in revenue service in the United States. To demonstrate compliance with this requirement, the 800,000-pound load shall be applied to the underframe of the occupied volume as it would be transmitted to the underframe by the full structure of the vehicle. Therefore by the definition of eLectric flux, the flux Linked with the Gaussian surface is given by $\therefore$ Work done in moving a charge of $20 \mu C$ from X to Y = Zero. 1. Fission weapons used in the vicinity of other nuclear explosions must be protected from the intrusion of free neutrons from outside. 5. (2) Each comment shall be submitted to the U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket Operations (M-30), West Building Ground Floor, Room W12B140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590, and shall contain the assigned docket number for that proceeding. Class B: Flammable liquid, gas or grease fires. (b) The charge will be shared by four cubes if it has to be enclosed. (a) Number and dimensions. (4) When FRA grants or denies a petition, or reopens consideration of the petition, written notice is sent to the petitioner and other interested parties. Have control procedures been instituted for hazardous materials, where appropriate, such as respirators, ventilation systems, handling practices, and the like? (8) Each wheel does not have any of the following conditions: (i) A single flat spot that is 212 inches or more in length, or two adjoining spots that are each two or more inches in length; (ii) A gouge or chip in the flange that is more than 112 inches in length and 12 inch in width; (iii) A broken rim, if the tread, measured from the flange at a point 58 of an inch above the tread, is less than 334 inches in width; (iv) A shelled-out spot 212 inches or more in length, or two adjoining spots that are each two or more inches in length; (v) A seam running lengthwise that is within 334 inches of the flange; (vi) A flange worn to a 78 inch thickness or less, gauged at a point 38 of an inch above the tread; (vii) A tread worn hollow 516 of an inch or more; (viii) A flange height of 112 inches or more measured from the tread to the top of the flange; (x) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(8)(iii) of this section, a crack or break in the flange, tread, rim, plate, or hub; (9) No part or appliance of a passenger coach, except the wheels, is less than 212 inches above the top of the rail. [citation needed], On August 9, 1945, Fat Man was loaded onto its airplane fully assembled, but later, when levitated pits made a space between the pit and the tamper, it was feasible to use in-flight pit insertion. A spherical capacitor has an inner sphere of radius \[12cm\] and an outer sphere of radius \[13cm\]. Ans: For a parallel plate capacitor when air/vacuum is in between the plates \[{{C}_{0}}=\frac{A{{\in }_{0}}}{d}\], Since the electric field inside a conducting stab is zero, hence the electric field exists only between the space \[\left( d-t \right)\Rightarrow V={{E}_{0}}\left( d-t \right)\]. Potential at point \[P\] is the sum of potentials caused by charges \[{{q}_{1}}\] and \[{{q}_{2}}\] respectively. Are fire doors and shutters in good operating condition? The total angle through which it has turned is a. Material may be removed from the interior of the aluminum portion to adjust the projectile mass according to the prescribed tolerance. Is proper storage practiced to minimize the risk of fire including spontaneous combustion? Cab means a compartment or space within a trainset that is designed to be occupied by an engineer and contain an operating console for exercising control over the trainset. (3) Petitions for grandfathering. Movement of passenger equipment with other than power brake defects. Two charges \[2\mu C\] and \[-2\mu C\] are placed at points A and B \[6cm\] apart. (a) All passenger equipment shall exhibit freedom from truck hunting at all operating speeds. (a) Define electric flux. 238.135 Operating practices for exterior side door safety systems. Is mechanical ventilation provided when spraying operation is done in enclosed areas? During a fire, those wires would melt breaking any electrical connection. (k) For new designs of braking systems, the design process shall include computer modeling or dynamometer simulation of train braking that shows compliance with paragraphs (f) and (g) of this section over the range of equipment operating speeds. What will be the capacitance if the distance between the plates is reduced by half and the space between them is filled with a substance of dielectric constant \[6\]? The charge distribution in a region is given by (~r) = 0ra where 0 and a areconstants of appropriate dimensions.Find the expression for electric field E(~r) due to (~r). (5) When an operator first takes charge of the train, except for face-to-face relief. Is there a power shut-off switch within reach of the operator's position at each machine? If an emergency window exit in a passenger car requires the use of a tool, other implement (e.g., hammer), or a mechanism to permit removal of the window panel from the inside of the car during an emergency situation, then the plan must demonstrate the use of the device provides a level of safety equivalent to that required by 238.113(b). 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